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Process Data set: Fastening products for concrete (en) en

Key Data Set Information
Location FI
Geographical representativeness description FI
Reference year 2025
Name
Fastening products for concrete
Technical purpose of product or process Steel fastening products for concrete, including foundation bolts, pillar shoes, and wall shoes, are used for securing structures. Foundation bolts anchor structures to concrete foundations, ensuring stability. Pillar shoes provide robust support for vertical columns, while wall shoes secure walls to foundations, preventing movement. These components maintain the integrity and safety of buildings and infrastructure. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS AND PRODUCT STANDARS The products comply with the standard EN 1090-1:2009 + A1:2011. More information about the products covered by this EPD is available at https://semko.fi/fi/
General comment on data set All input and output flows of inventory data, type of materials used, energy consumption, transportation and wastes are primary data taken from the Manufacturer. The specific data quality coverages and limitations are also; • Geographical coverage: European and global environmental data are used for the flows when there is no specific data for the current situation in Finland. • Time period coverage: Inventory data from year 2023 with 12 consecutive months was collected from manufacturing facility. Generic data from Ecoinvent v3.10.1 is not older than 5 years. Although year 2023 is not the latest full calendar year when conducting the current EPDs, the date of the data is not expected to have a major impact on the reliability of the study results, as the manufacturer has not reported any changes that would significantly affect the product phase calculations or results. • Technology coverage: The objective of the study is to use the data that apply to average technology which represents the actual situation. Even if the data in Ecoinvent v3.10.1 which represents the current situation best are used, these data are expected to show limited global variability. The data quality assessment has been conducted on the cradle-to-gate (A1-A3) impacts which are the mandatory stages and represent measured data. The effect of distribution (A4), installation (A5) and end-of-life (C1- C4) have been assessed as these stages are scenario-based and provide additional information. Inventory data of product stage (A1-A3) and the scenarios (A4-A5 and C1-C4) was collected via questionnaire and personal contact with representative of the Manufacturer. Allocation is required if some material, energy, and waste data cannot be measured separately for the product under investigation. In this study, as per EN 15804, allocation is conducted in the following order; 1. Allocation should be avoided. 2. Allocation should be based on physical properties (e.g. mass, volume) when the difference in revenue is small. 3. Allocation should be based on economic values. The allocations in the ecoinvent 3.10.1 datasets used in this study follow the Ecoinvent system model ‘Allocation, cut-off, EN15804’. Raw material use was known by product level, so allocation was not needed. Avoiding allocation could not be avoided for following inputs as the information was only measured on factory process level: • Energy consumption • Manufacturing waste • Packaging materials • Welding gases • The inputs were allocated to studied products based on production volume (mass in kilograms). CUT-OFF CRITERIA The study does not exclude any modules or processes which are stated mandatory in the EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and the applied PCR. The study does not exclude any hazardous materials or substances. The study includes all major raw material and energy consumption. All inputs and outputs of the unit processes, for which data is available for, are included in the calculation. There is no neglected unit process more than 1% of total mass or energy flows. The module specific total neglected input and output flows also do not exceed 5% of energy usage or mass.
Copyright Yes
Owner of data set
Quantitative reference
Reference flow(s)
Biogenic carbon content
  • Carbon content (biogenic): 0.0 kg
  • Carbon content (biogenic) - packaging: 0.0116 kg
Time representativeness
Data set valid until 2030
Time representativeness description "2025-08-18" - "2030-08-18"
Technological representativeness

Indicators of life cycle

IndicatorDirectionUnit Production
A1-A3
 Transport
A4
 Installation
A5
 De-construction
C1
 Transport
C2
 Waste processing
C3
 Disposal
C4
 Recycling Potential
D
Use of renewable primary energy (PERE)
Input
  • 4.9
  • 0.0173
  • -0.432
  • 0
  • 0.00228
  • 0.0293
  • 0.0000739
  • -0.427
Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PERM)
Input
  • 0.363
  • 0
  • -0.35
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.0116
  • -0.000613
  • 0
Total use of renewable primary energy resource (PERT)
Input
  • 5.26
  • 0.0173
  • -0.782
  • 0
  • 0.00228
  • 0.0176
  • -0.000539
  • -0.427
Use of non renewable primary energy (PENRE)
Input
  • 23
  • 1
  • 0.00697
  • 0
  • 0.133
  • 0.155
  • 0.00766
  • -5.89
Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PENRM)
Input
  • 0.0206
  • 0
  • -0.0154
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.00499
  • -0.000263
  • 0
Total use of non renewable primary energy resource (PENRT)
Input
  • 23
  • 1
  • -0.00839
  • 0
  • 0.133
  • 0.15
  • 0.0074
  • -5.89
Use of secondary material (SM)
Input
  • 0.963
  • 0.000459
  • 0.0000098
  • 0
  • 0.0000608
  • 0.000296
  • 0.00000193
  • 0.353
Use of renewable secondary fuels (RSF)
Input
  • 0.00802
  • 0.0000058
  • 3.95E-8
  • 0
  • 7.67E-7
  • 0.000023
  • 3.99E-8
  • -0.0000529
Use of non renewable secondary fuels (NRSF)
Input
  • 0.491
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Use of net fresh water (FW)
Input
  • 0.0477
  • 0.000135
  • 0.00000558
  • 0
  • 0.0000179
  • 0.0000787
  • 0.00000797
  • -0.00147
Hazardous waste disposed (HWD)
Output
  • 0.487
  • 0.00144
  • 0.00017
  • 0
  • 0.000192
  • 0.00219
  • 0.00000846
  • -0.212
Non hazardous waste dispose (NHWD)
Output
  • 2.71
  • 0.0304
  • 0.0263
  • 0
  • 0.00403
  • 0.124
  • 0.000193
  • -1.65
Radioactive waste disposed (RWD)
Output
  • 0.000152
  • 3.18E-7
  • 2.09E-9
  • 0
  • 4.17E-8
  • 5.69E-7
  • 1.17E-9
  • 0.00000536
Components for re-use (CRU)
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Materials for recycling (MFR)
Output
  • 0.174
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0.95
  • 0
  • 0
Materials for energy recovery (MER)
Output
  • 0.00106
  • 0
  • 0.0255
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Exported electrical energy (EEE)
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0.264
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Exported thermal energy (EET)
Output
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.

IndicatorUnit Production
A1-A3
 Transport
A4
 Installation
A5
 De-construction
C1
 Transport
C2
 Waste processing
C3
 Disposal
C4
 Recycling Potential
D
Abiotic depletion potential - fossil resources (ADPF)
  • 22.7
  • 1
  • 0.00697
  • 0
  • 0.133
  • 0.155
  • 0.00766
  • -5.89
Abiotic depletion potential - non-fossil resources (ADPE)
  • 0.0000202
  • 2.34E-7
  • 1.62E-9
  • 0
  • 3.08E-8
  • 3.74E-7
  • 4.96E-10
  • -0.00000622
Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance (AP)
  • 0.0115
  • 0.000223
  • 0.00000488
  • 0
  • 0.0000296
  • 0.0000918
  • 0.00000221
  • -0.00254
Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer (ODP)
  • 2.53E-8
  • 1.42E-9
  • 9E-12
  • 0
  • 1.87E-10
  • 1.39E-10
  • 9E-12
  • -2.14E-9
Eutrophication potential - freshwater (EP-freshwater)
  • 0.000351
  • 0.00000473
  • 1.88E-7
  • 0
  • 6.3E-7
  • 0.00000812
  • 2.57E-8
  • -0.000275
Eutrophication potential - marine (EP-marine)
  • 0.00312
  • 0.0000753
  • 0.00000244
  • 0
  • 0.00000999
  • 0.0000433
  • 8.44E-7
  • -0.000564
Eutrophication potential - terrestrial (EP-terrestrial)
  • 0.0338
  • 0.000819
  • 0.0000238
  • 0
  • 0.000109
  • 0.000242
  • 0.00000921
  • -0.00619
Global Warming Potential - biogenic (GWP-biogenic)
  • -0.0254
  • 0
  • 0.042
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.0157
  • -0.000826
  • 0
Global Warming Potential - fossil fuels (GWP-fossil)
  • 1.96
  • 0.0714
  • 0.000643
  • 0
  • 0.00946
  • 0.0207
  • 0.000312
  • -0.643
Global Warming Potential - land use and land use change (GWP-luluc)
  • 0.00151
  • 0.0000252
  • 1.97E-7
  • 0
  • 0.00000337
  • 0.0000171
  • 1.78E-7
  • -0.000108
Global Warming Potential - total (GWP-total)
  • 1.93
  • 0.0714
  • 0.0426
  • 0
  • 0.00946
  • 0.00505
  • -0.000514
  • -0.643
  • 1.955
  • 0.0714
  • 0.0006
  • 0
  • 0.00946
  • 0.02075
  • 0.000312
  • -0.643
Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP)
  • 0.0103
  • 0.00035
  • 0.00000648
  • 0
  • 0.0000464
  • 0.0000718
  • 0.0000033
  • -0.0021
Water (user) deprivation potential (WDP)
  • 1.87
  • 0.00493
  • 0.000848
  • 0
  • 0.000653
  • 0.00486
  • 0.0000221
  • -0.109

IndicatorUnit Production
A1-A3
 Transport
A4
 Installation
A5
 De-construction
C1
 Transport
C2
 Waste processing
C3
 Disposal
C4
 Recycling Potential
D
1This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator.
2The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties on these results are high or as there is limited experiences with the indicator.
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems (ETP-fw) 2
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - cancer effects (HTP-c) 2
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - non-cancer effects (HTP-nc) 2
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235 (IRP) 1
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
Potential Soil quality index (SQP) 2
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
Potential incidence of disease due to PM emissions (PM) 2
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.