Process information
| Key Data Set Information | |
| Location | EE |
| Geographical representativeness description | EE |
| Reference year | 2022 |
| Name |
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| Use advice for data set | The scope of the EPD is cradle to gate with options, modules C1- C4 and module D. Included are A1 (Raw material supply), A2 (Transport) and A3 (Manufacturing), A4 (Transport), A5 (Assembly) as well as C1 (Deconstruction), C2 (Transport at end-of-life), C3 (Waste processing), C4 (Disposal) and module D - benefits and loads beyond the system boundary is included. |
| Technical purpose of product or process | Among the wooden construction systems, CLT represents one of the most exciting and innovative materials. CLT offers virtually boundless possibilities regarding construction concept, style, and architecture. CLT stands out for its strength, appearance, versatility, and sustainability. The number of CLT layers is always odd - 3, 5, 7, or a max of 9 layers. Layers provide a so-called locking effect, which ensures excellent stability of the panel measurements, and stability during humidity changes and significantly reduces the negative effects of wood drying. CLT has no architectural constraints, and it can be used as an alternative to concrete in the design of building walls, roofs, and ceilings, and it is very suitable for the construction of taller buildings. Therefore, more and more CLT is used for building private houses, apartment buildings, and industrial and commercial buildings. Building with CLT has a short construction period and achieves up to 10% more living space. It is possible to mill grooves and slots for communications into the surface of the panel, and it is possible to cut all door and window openings. |
| General comment on data set | Allocation is required if some material, energy, and waste data cannot be measured separately for the product under investigation. In this study, as per EN 15804, allocation is conducted in the following order; 1. Allocation should be avoided. 2. Allocation should be based on physical properties (e.g. mass, volume) when the difference in revenue is small. 3. Allocation should be based on economic values. Module A1 includes allocation for co-products. Allocation has been done based on economic values as the Products and co-products share of revenue differs greatly. Allocation used in Ecoinvent 3.6 environmental data sources follows the methodology ‘allocation, cut-off by classification’. This methodology is in line with the requirements of the EN 15804 - standard. This LCA study is conducted in accordance with all methodological considerations, such as performance, system boundaries, data quality, allocation procedures, and decision rules to evaluate inputs and outputs. All estimations and assumptions are given below: • Module A2, A4 & C2 Vehicle capacity utilization volume factor is assumed to be 1 which means full load. In reality, it may vary but as role of transportation emission in total results is small and so the variety in load is assumed to be negligible. Empty returns are not taken into account as it is assumed that return trip is used by transportation company to serve the needs of other clients. • Module A3 Waste wood used for drying kilns was allocated based on share of wet wood used for each Product. All other energy use and waste was allocated based on production volume. • Module A4 The transportation distance is defined according to RTS PCR. The typical installation place was assumed as an average option. According to the manufacturer, transportation doesn’t cause losses as products are packaged properly. Also, volume capacity utilisation factor is assumed to be 1 for the nested packaged products. • Module A5 Consumption of energy in installation process are assumed to be 38 MJ of diesel per m3 of CLT and glulam. Metal fasteners are assumed to be used in the amount of 4.5 kg (CLT), 16.5 kg (glulam) and 4 kg (finger-jointed structural timber) per 1 m3. • Module C1 Consumption of energy in demolition process is assumed to be 38 MJ of diesel per m3 of product. It is assumed that 100% of the waste is collected. Fasteners are excluded. • Module C2 It is estimated that there is no mass loss during the use of the product, therefore the end-of-life product is assumed to have the same weight with the declared product. All of the end-of-life product is assumed to be collected as sorted wood waste or mixed construction waste and sent to the closest facilities such as recycling and landfill. Transportation distance to the closest disposal area is estimated as 250 km and the transportation method is assumed as lorry, which is the most common option. • Module C3 97% of the sorted wood waste is recycled. Losses in the sorting process are assumed to be very small and not considered in the assessment. • Module C4 The remaining 3% of the sorted wood and 100% of the mixed construction waste are assumed to be sent to landfill. • Module D Benefits of recyclable waste generated in the Module C3 are considered. It was assumed that 47.49% of the sorted wood waste is incinerated and 49.47% is recycled to be used again (for example, to produce fibreboard). The study does not exclude any modules or processes which are stated mandatory in the EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and the applied PCR. The study does not exclude any hazardous materials or substances. The study includes all major raw material and energy consumption. All inputs and outputs of the unit processes, for which data is available for, are included in the calculation. There is no neglected unit process more than 1% of total mass or energy flows. The module specific total neglected input and output flows also do not exceed 5% of energy usage or mass. Cut off has been applied only in C1 to exclude fasteners. |
| Copyright | Yes |
| Owner of data set | |
| Quantitative reference | |
| Reference flow(s) |
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| Biogenic carbon content |
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| Time representativeness | |
| Data set valid until | 2027 |
| Time representativeness description | "2022-11-19" - "2027-11-19" |
| Technological representativeness | |
| Technology description including background system | Maximum measurements: 3,6 x 15 m. The thickness of panels: 60 – 360 mm Number of layers: 3, 5, 7 or 9 The thickness of layers: 20, 30, or 40 mm. Moisture content is 12 ± 2% |
Modelling and validation
| Type of data set | EPD | ||||
| Subtype | representative dataset | ||||
| LCA methodology report | |||||
| Data sources, treatment and representativeness | |||||
| Documentation of data quality management | |||||
| Data source(s) used for this data set | |||||
| Completeness | |||||
| Validation | |||||
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| Compliance Declarations | |||||
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
EN 15804+A2
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Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Fully compliant |
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
|
Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Fully compliant |
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
|
Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Fully compliant |
Administrative information
| Data generator | |
| Data set generator / modeller |
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| Data entry by | |
| Time stamp (last saved) | 2025-08-13T08:43:18 |
| Data set format(s) | |
| Publication and ownership | |
| UUID | 89ac6db0-2abb-420b-af8d-62d81a711183 |
| Date of last revision | 2025-08-06T06:43:26.754019Z |
| Data set version | 00.03.000 |
| Registration authority |
EPDFinlandRTS
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| Registration number | RTS_197_22 |
| Owner of data set | |
| Copyright | Yes |
| License type | Free of charge for all users and uses |
| Access and use restrictions | None |
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Environmental indicators
Indicators of life cycle