0a637256-25fb-4f67-bc18-d351a8c9c2ee STANDARD RING SETS Allocation is required if some material, energy, and waste data cannot be measured separately for the product under investigation. In this study, allocation was applied only to packaging materials to estimate the amount of each packaging material (e.g., wooden pallet, collar, carton lid) allocated per product. The amount was determined based on the weight of the packaging material and the typical number of finished products that fit within one complete packaging unit. No other allocation was necessary. The raw material supplier guarantees the use of recycled steel in the tube products purchased from them. The raw materials used in Greenline products are always procured per order and production batch from the material supplier, ensuring that recycled steel is consistently used in Greenline products. Additionally, the raw materials for other products are predefined and ordered from specific suppliers, meaning the raw material used is always known for each production batch. As a result, the mass-balance approach is not applied. The study does not exclude any modules or processes which are stated mandatory in the reference standard and the applied PCR, except the module A4. The study does not exclude any hazardous materials or substances. The study includes all major raw material and energy consumption. All inputs and outputs of the unit processes, for which data is available for, are included in the calculation. There is no neglected unit process. 1 2025 2030 "2025-01-31" - "2030-01-31" 2025-01-31 FI Ring bit sets are a part of Casing advancement system (CAS) that provide a fast, reliable method for installing casings across all ground conditions. Designed for high productivity, precision and minimal environmental disruption, these systems are ideal for urban construction and sensitive environments. In drilling, ring bit sets act as the first contact point between the ground and casing, making way for the casing to advance. In this EPD, data on the Standard and Green Line ring sets is presented. The products do not differ in terms of purpose, characteristics, or production methods. The difference between the products is that recycled steel is used in the production of the Green Line ring set. EPD RTS PCR 2020 representative dataset ecoinvent database (all versions) A1: This module considers the extraction and processing of raw materials and packaging materials. A2: This module covers the transportation of raw materials to the production site A3: This module includes the manufacture of the products. It has considered all the electricity consumption and waste generated in the production site. Typical end-of-life scenario for the product is that, after being used appropriately, it remains as part of the foundation or structure in the ground where it was utilized—for example, steel piles used in the foundation of an apartment building. However, a scenario was developed here where the product is excavated from the ground at the end of its life cycle and delivered for recycling to be used as secondary raw material. Data used in these modules represents the world. C1: This stage accounts for the processes involved in deconstructing or demolishing the product at the end of its life. It includes energy use, and any emissions associated with these activities. C2: This module considers the transportation of the demolished or deconstructed product components to waste processing or disposal sites. Emissions and fuel consumption from transportation are included here. Assumed transport distance was 50 kilometres. C3: This module covers the recycling of the product. It was assumed based on World Steel Association (2020), that 85 % of the product is recycled, and 15 % is landfilled. C4: This stage includes the final disposal of any product materials that cannot be reused or recycled. This module covers the steel landfilling as it was assumed that 15 % of the product is landfilled. D: This stage includes the benefits of recycling of the products. For Standard ring sets, it was assumed that 85 % of the steel is recycled and 15 % is landfilled based on World Steel Association (2020, pg 19). Life cycle inventory (LCI) study. Benefits from steel recycling have not been calculated for Green Line ring sets, as the steel used is already recycled material. Recycled steel cannot be used to account for additional benefits beyond the product's lifecycle due to the risk of double-counting benefits that were already accounted for in a previous system. Scenarios included are currently in use and are representative for one of the most probable alternatives. Typical end-of-life scenario for the product is that, after being used appropriately, it remains as part of the foundation or structure in the ground where it was utilized—for example, steel piles used in the foundation of an apartment building. However, a scenario was developed here where the product is excavated from the ground at the end of its life cycle and delivered for recycling to be used as secondary raw material. Data used in these modules represents the world. C1: This stage accounts for the processes involved in deconstructing or demolishing the product at the end of its life. It includes energy use, and any emissions associated with these activities. C2: This module considers the transportation of the demolished or deconstructed product components to waste processing or disposal sites. Emissions and fuel consumption from transportation are included here. Assumed transport distance was 50 kilometres. C3: This module covers the recycling of the product. It was assumed based on World Steel Association (2020), that 85 % of the product is recycled, and 15 % is landfilled. C4: This stage includes the final disposal of any product materials that cannot be reused or recycled. This module covers the steel landfilling as it was assumed that 15 % of the product is landfilled. D: This stage includes the benefits of recycling of the products. For Standard ring sets, it was assumed that 85 % of the steel is recycled and 15 % is landfilled based on World Steel Association (2020, pg 19). Life cycle inventory (LCI) study. Benefits from steel recycling have not been calculated for Green Line ring sets, as the steel used is already recycled material. Recycled steel cannot be used to account for additional benefits beyond the product's lifecycle due to the risk of double-counting benefits that were already accounted for in a previous system. Scenarios included are currently in use and are representative for one of the most probable alternatives. RTS_352_25_RDT_Standard%20and%20Green%20Line.pdf Mari Kirss, Meetripuu OÜ EN 15804+A2 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant ISO 14025 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant ISO 21930 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant LCA.no AS 2025-08-13T08:42:02 ILCD format EPD Data Format Extensions v1.2 EPD Data Format Extensions v1.2 EPD-Datenformaterweiterungen v1.2 00.03.000 2025-08-06T06:53:55.3143732Z EPDFinlandRTS RTS_352_25 RDT Solutions Oy true Free of charge for all users and uses None EPDFinlandRTS STANDARD RING SETS General reminder flow Output 1 1 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured Use of renewable primary energy (PERE) Fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (RPEE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 45.600000000000 0.169000000000 1.320000000000 0.002990000000 0.001070000000 0.004410000000 0.000222000000 0.705000000000 MJ Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PERM) Fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (RPEE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 4.230000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Total use of renewable primary energy resource (PERT) Total bruk av fornybar primærenergi (TPE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 49.900000000000 0.169000000000 1.320000000000 0.002990000000 0.001070000000 0.004410000000 0.000222000000 0.705000000000 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy (PENRE) Ikke fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (NRPE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 89.800000000000 7.630000000000 8.370000000000 0.472000000000 0.078100000000 0.697000000000 0.023000000000 23.500000000000 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PENRM) Ikke fornybar primærenergi brukt som råmateriale (NRPM) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000008100000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Total use of non renewable primary energy resource (PENRT) Total nicht erneuerbare Primärenergie (PENRT) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 89.800000000000 7.630000000000 8.370000000000 0.472000000000 0.078100000000 0.697000000000 0.023000000000 23.500000000000 MJ Use of secondary material (SM) Bruk av sekundære materialer (SM) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 1.880000000000 0.003710000000 0.000487000000 0.000196000000 0.000033200000 0.000290000000 0.000005780000 -1.026000000000 kg Use of renewable secondary fuels (RSF) Bruk av fornybart sekundære brensel (RSF) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000179000000 0.000040800000 0.000025400000 0.000000512000 0.000000422000 0.000000757000 0.000000120000 0.000035700000 MJ Use of non renewable secondary fuels (NRSF) Bruk av ikke fornybart sekundære brensel (NRSF) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000175000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Use of net fresh water (FW) Netto bruk av ferskvann (W) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.011400000000 0.001280000000 0.006100000000 0.000031200000 0.000011500000 0.000046100000 0.000023900000 -0.016900000000 m3 Hazardous waste disposed (HWD) Avhendet farlig avfall (HW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.063700000000 0.012500000000 0.010100000000 0.000525000000 0.000132000000 0.000776000000 0.000025400000 0.661000000000 kg Non hazardous waste dispose (NHWD) Avhendet ikke-farlig avfall (NHW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 21.200000000000 0.259000000000 0.376000000000 0.007150000000 0.002450000000 0.010600000000 0.000580000000 5.300000000000 kg Radioactive waste disposed (RWD) Avhendet radioaktivt avfall (RW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000091900000 0.000003370000 0.000113000000 0.000000051800 0.000000016900 0.000000076500 0.000000003580 0.000019600000 kg Components for re-use (CRU) Komponenter for gjenbruk (CR) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Materials for recycling (MFR) Materialer for resirkulering (MR) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000175000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.850000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Materials for energy recovery (MER) Materialer for energigjenvinning (MER) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Exported electrical energy (EEE) Eksportert elektrisk energi(EEE) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Exported thermal energy (EET) Eksportert termisk energi (ETE) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured MJ Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance (AP) Forsurningspotensial for kilder på land og vann (AP) 0 undefined 0 0.045600000000 0.001400000000 0.001770000000 0.000325000000 0.000018400000 0.000481000000 0.000006640000 -0.015400000000 mol H+ eqv. Global Warming Potential - total (GWP-total) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial -totalt (GWPtotal) 0 undefined 0 3.740000000000 0.510000000000 0.288000000000 0.036100000000 0.005390000000 0.053300000000 0.000937000000 2.300000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - biogenic (GWP-biogenic) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial - biogene kilder( GWP-biogenic) 0 undefined 0 2.930000000000 0.000128000000 0.124000000000 0.000003680000 0.000001220000 -0.000005440000 -0.000000298000 0.001140000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - fossil fuels (GWP-fossil) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial - fossile brensler (GWP-fossil) 0 undefined 0 0.800000000000 0.509000000000 0.163000000000 0.036000000000 0.005380000000 0.053300000000 0.000936000000 2.310000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - land use and land use change (GWP-luluc) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial arealbruk endringer i bruk av arealer (GWP-luluc) 0 undefined 0 0.010400000000 0.000226000000 0.000061200000 0.000003690000 0.000002410000 0.000005460000 0.000000535000 -0.001560000000 kg CO2 eqv. Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems (ETP-fw) Økotoksisitet, ferskvann (ETP-fw) 0 undefined 0 49.100000000000 0.948000000000 3.140000000000 0.026000000000 0.011000000000 0.038400000000 0.001930000000 -26.700000000000 CTUe Potential incidence of disease due to PM emissions (PM) Partikkelutslipp (PM) 0 undefined 0 0.000000242000 0.000000049200 0.000000011600 0.000000009250 0.000000000539 0.000000013700 0.000000000151 0.000000031500 disease incidence Eutrophication potential - marine (EP-marine) Overgjødslingspotensial til hav (EP-marine), hav og jord 0 undefined 0 0.007790000000 0.000391000000 0.000217000000 0.000151000000 0.000006030000 0.000223000000 0.000002530000 -0.001310000000 kg N eqv. Eutrophication potential - freshwater (EP-freshwater) Overgjødslingspotensial til ferskvann (EP-freshwater) 0 undefined 0 0.010500000000 0.000042600000 0.000051600000 0.000001040000 0.000000419000 0.000001540000 0.000000077000 -0.004670000000 kg P eqv. Eutrophication potential - terrestrial (EP-terrestrial) Overgjødslingspotensial til jord (EP-terrestrial) 0 undefined 0 0.147000000000 0.004220000000 0.004680000000 0.001650000000 0.000065600000 0.002440000000 0.000027600000 -0.081500000000 mol N eqv. Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - cancer effects (HTP-c) Toksisitet påvirkning på mennesker, kreft (HTP-c) 0 undefined 0 0.000000001740 0.000000000089 0.000000000075 0.000000000004 0.000000000001 0.000000000005 0.000000000000 0.000000004170 CTUh Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - non-cancer effects (HTP-nc) Toksisitet påvirkning på mennesker, andre effekter enn kreft (HTP-nc) 0 undefined 0 0.000000089600 0.000000004880 0.000000002450 0.000000000059 0.000000000051 0.000000000087 0.000000000004 0.000000021300 CTUh Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235 (IRP) Ioniserende stråling, helseeffekt (IRP) 0 undefined 0 0.048100000000 0.013400000000 0.255000000000 0.000209000000 0.000068000000 0.000309000000 0.000014400000 0.077300000000 kBq U235 eqv. Potential Soil quality index (SQP) Påvirkninger knyttet til arealbruksendringer / jordkvalitet (SQP) 0 undefined 0 13.100000000000 7.510000000000 1.450000000000 0.033000000000 0.078700000000 0.048800000000 0.045200000000 -4.430000000000 unitless Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer (ODP) Potensial for nedbryting av stratosfærisk ozon (ODP) 0 undefined 0 0.000000072000 0.000000010400 0.000000014900 0.000000000552 0.000000000080 0.000000000816 0.000000000027 0.000000007880 kg CFC 11 eqv. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) Potensial for fotokjemisk oksidantdanning (POCP) 0 undefined 0 0.016600000000 0.002260000000 0.000627000000 0.000493000000 0.000027000000 0.000728000000 0.000009900000 0.003620000000 kg NMVOC eqv. Abiotic depletion potential - fossil resources (ADPF) Abiotisk utarmingspotensial for fossile ressurser, fosile brensler (ADP-fossil) 0 undefined 0 51.400000000000 7.630000000000 8.370000000000 0.472000000000 0.078100000000 0.697000000000 0.023000000000 23.500000000000 MJ Abiotic depletion potential - non-fossil resources (ADPE) Abiotisk utarmingspotensial for ikke-fossile ressurser, mineraler (ADP-elements) 0 undefined 0 0.000212000000 0.000001460000 0.000001770000 0.000000012900 0.000000015000 0.000000019100 0.000000001490 -0.000177000000 kg Sb-eqv. Water (user) deprivation potential (WDP) Utarmingspotensial for vannressurser (WDP) 0 undefined 0 0.479000000000 0.044800000000 0.666000000000 0.001180000000 0.000386000000 0.001740000000 0.000066300000 0.816000000000 m3 world eqv. Global warming potential except emissions and uptake of biogenic carbon (GWP-IOBC/GHG) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial beregnet etter prinsippet om umiddelbar oksidasjon (GWP-IOBC) 0 undefined 0 kg CO2 eqv.