3c0c860b-bf3c-45d0-bb45-7662bab4f94e Concrete elements The quality requirements for the life cycle assessment were set according to the EN ISO 14044 standard (4.2.3.6) and EN 15804 standard (6.3.7). This LCA study follows the standard EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and RTS PCR and no decisions are made based on the values. The study does not consider long-term emissions (i.e. over 100 years). Impact assessment characterization factors are aligned with EF 3.1. The calculations were conducted using One Click LCA -tool which is a cloud-based LCA software in compliancy with EN 15804 -standard. Allocation is required if some material, energy, and waste data cannot be measured separately for the product under investigation. In this study, as per EN 15804, allocation is conducted in the following order: 1. Allocation should be avoided. 2. Allocation should be based on physical properties (e.g. mass, volume) when the difference in revenue is small. 3. Allocation should be based on economic values. The allocations in the Ecoinvent 3.10.1.1 datasets used in this study follow the Ecoinvent system model ‘Allocation, cut-off, EN15804’. During calculations these allocations were made: Module A3 • Electricity, fuel consumptions reason for allocation: only measured on factory level. • Waste and wastewater from production, reason for allocation: only measured on factory level. Energy and waste have been allocated based on production volume. The study does not exclude any modules or processes which are stated mandatory in the EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and the applied PCR. The study does not exclude any hazardous materials or substances. The study includes all major raw material and energy consumption. All inputs and outputs of the unit processes, for which data is available for, are included in the calculation. There is no neglected unit process more than 1% of total mass or energy flows. The module specific total neglected input and output flows also do not exceed 5% of energy usage or mass. Materials not considered in this study: oil used for moulds preparation and the Euro pallets used multiple times for outside storage of Product 1 (the amount used is less than 0,01% per DU for both materials) 1 2025 2030 "2025-08-18" - "2030-08-18" 2025-08-18 FI Product 1 – Concrete elements: This product group covers concrete paving blocks (tiles and borders) that are durable and versatile elements used in landscaping and outdoor surface finishing. They are ideal for pavements, driveways, walkways, patios, and public spaces. Made from high-quality concrete, these blocks offer excellent resistance to weather, loads, and wear. The blocks are available in different shape and size. The variety of shapes and sizes are available at https://www.kaunogelzbetonis.lt/. EPD RTS PCR 2020 specific dataset ecoinvent database (all versions) SYSTEM BOUNDARY The scope of EPD is cradle to gate, modules C1–C4 and module D and covers impacts of raw materials’ production, their transportation to the production plant, manufacturing process, and end-of-life stage, also considering benefits beyond system boundaries. RTS_409_25_UAB%20Kauno%20Gelzbetonis.pdf Mari Kirss, Meetripuu OÜ EN 15804+A2 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant ISO 14025 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant ISO 21930 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant LCA.no AS 2026-03-13T15:13:56 ILCD format EPD Data Format Extensions v1.2 EPD Data Format Extensions v1.2 EPD-Datenformaterweiterungen v1.2 00.03.000 2026-03-04T09:01:31.9952001Z EPDFinlandRTS RTS_409_25_1 UAB “Kauno gelžbetonis“ true Free of charge for all users and uses None EPDFinlandRTS Concrete elements General reminder flow Output 1 1 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured Use of renewable primary energy (PERE) Fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (RPEE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 123.000000000000 0.723000000000 2.440000000000 0.579000000000 1.010000000000 -17.500000000000 MJ Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PERM) Fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (RPEE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Total use of renewable primary energy resource (PERT) Total bruk av fornybar primærenergi (TPE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 123.000000000000 0.723000000000 2.440000000000 0.579000000000 1.010000000000 -17.500000000000 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy (PENRE) Ikke fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (NRPE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 1540.000000000000 114.000000000000 178.000000000000 91.500000000000 105.000000000000 -192.000000000000 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PENRM) Ikke fornybar primærenergi brukt som råmateriale (NRPM) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Total use of non renewable primary energy resource (PENRT) Total nicht erneuerbare Primärenergie (PENRT) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 1540.000000000000 114.000000000000 178.000000000000 91.500000000000 105.000000000000 -192.000000000000 MJ Use of secondary material (SM) Bruk av sekundære materialer (SM) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.181000000000 0.047400000000 0.075900000000 0.038000000000 0.026400000000 1600.000000000000 kg Use of renewable secondary fuels (RSF) Bruk av fornybart sekundære brensel (RSF) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 23.300000000000 0.000124000000 0.000964000000 0.000099300000 0.000546000000 -0.001480000000 MJ Use of non renewable secondary fuels (NRSF) Bruk av ikke fornybart sekundære brensel (NRSF) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 198.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Use of net fresh water (FW) Netto bruk av ferskvann (W) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.383000000000 0.007540000000 0.026400000000 0.006050000000 0.109000000000 -0.569000000000 m3 Hazardous waste disposed (HWD) Avhendet farlig avfall (HW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.623000000000 0.127000000000 0.302000000000 0.102000000000 0.116000000000 -1.500000000000 kg Non hazardous waste dispose (NHWD) Avhendet ikke-farlig avfall (NHW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 89.000000000000 1.730000000000 5.590000000000 1.390000000000 685.000000000000 -26.700000000000 kg Radioactive waste disposed (RWD) Avhendet radioaktivt avfall (RW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.002560000000 0.000012400000 0.000038000000 0.000009940000 0.000016100000 -0.000325000000 kg Components for re-use (CRU) Komponenter for gjenbruk (CR) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Materials for recycling (MFR) Materialer for resirkulering (MR) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 23.800000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 1600.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Materials for energy recovery (MER) Materialer for energigjenvinning (MER) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.002100000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Exported electrical energy (EEE) Eksportert elektrisk energi(EEE) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Exported thermal energy (EET) Eksportert termisk energi (ETE) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured MJ Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance (AP) Forsurningspotensial for kilder på land og vann (AP) 0 undefined 0 0.774000000000 0.078700000000 0.041900000000 0.063100000000 0.030300000000 -0.097700000000 mol H+ eqv. Global Warming Potential - total (GWP-total) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial -totalt (GWPtotal) 0 undefined 0 289.000000000000 8.720000000000 12.300000000000 6.990000000000 4.280000000000 -16.000000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - biogenic (GWP-biogenic) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial - biogene kilder( GWP-biogenic) 0 undefined 0 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - fossil fuels (GWP-fossil) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial - fossile brensler (GWP-fossil) 0 undefined 0 289.000000000000 8.720000000000 12.300000000000 6.990000000000 4.270000000000 -16.000000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - land use and land use change (GWP-luluc) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial arealbruk endringer i bruk av arealer (GWP-luluc) 0 undefined 0 0.139000000000 0.000894000000 0.005500000000 0.000717000000 0.002440000000 -0.014500000000 kg CO2 eqv. Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems (ETP-fw) Økotoksisitet, ferskvann (ETP-fw) 0 undefined 0 4010.000000000000 6.280000000000 62.800000000000 628.000000000000 6280.000000000000 -45.800000000000 CTUe Potential incidence of disease due to PM emissions (PM) Partikkelutslipp (PM) 0 undefined 0 0.000008540000 0.000002240000 0.000001230000 0.000013700000 0.000000690000 -0.000001490000 disease incidence Eutrophication potential - marine (EP-marine) Overgjødslingspotensial til hav (EP-marine), hav og jord 0 undefined 0 0.176000000000 0.036500000000 0.013800000000 0.029300000000 0.011600000000 -0.023100000000 kg N eqv. Eutrophication potential - freshwater (EP-freshwater) Overgjødslingspotensial til ferskvann (EP-freshwater) 0 undefined 0 0.007080000000 0.000252000000 0.000957000000 0.000202000000 0.000351000000 -0.004880000000 kg P eqv. Eutrophication potential - terrestrial (EP-terrestrial) Overgjødslingspotensial til jord (EP-terrestrial) 0 undefined 0 1.980000000000 0.400000000000 0.150000000000 0.321000000000 0.126000000000 -0.280000000000 mol N eqv. Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - cancer effects (HTP-c) Toksisitet påvirkning på mennesker, kreft (HTP-c) 0 undefined 0 0.000000078500 0.000000000897 0.000000002030 0.000000000719 0.000000000788 -0.000000004280 CTUh Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - non-cancer effects (HTP-nc) Toksisitet påvirkning på mennesker, andre effekter enn kreft (HTP-nc) 0 undefined 0 0.000002640000 0.000000014200 0.000000115000 0.000000011400 0.000000018100 -0.000000125000 CTUh Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235 (IRP) Ioniserende stråling, helseeffekt (IRP) 0 undefined 0 15.400000000000 0.050600000000 0.155000000000 0.040500000000 0.065900000000 -1.350000000000 kBq U235 eqv. Potential Soil quality index (SQP) Påvirkninger knyttet til arealbruksendringer / jordkvalitet (SQP) 0 undefined 0 1650.000000000000 8.000000000000 180.000000000000 6.410000000000 207.000000000000 -180.000000000000 unitless Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer (ODP) Potensial for nedbryting av stratosfærisk ozon (ODP) 0 undefined 0 0.000004780000 0.000000134000 0.000000181000 0.000000107000 0.000000124000 -0.000000125000 kg CFC 11 eqv. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) Potensial for fotokjemisk oksidantdanning (POCP) 0 undefined 0 0.544000000000 0.119000000000 0.061700000000 0.095600000000 0.045200000000 -0.077500000000 kg NMVOC eqv. Abiotic depletion potential - fossil resources (ADPF) Abiotisk utarmingspotensial for fossile ressurser, fosile brensler (ADP-fossil) 0 undefined 0 1530.000000000000 114.000000000000 178.000000000000 91.500000000000 105.000000000000 -192.000000000000 MJ Abiotic depletion potential - non-fossil resources (ADPE) Abiotisk utarmingspotensial for ikke-fossile ressurser, mineraler (ADP-elements) 0 undefined 0 0.000447000000 0.000003130000 0.000034300000 0.000002510000 0.000006790000 -0.000085600000 kg Sb-eqv. Water (user) deprivation potential (WDP) Utarmingspotensial for vannressurser (WDP) 0 undefined 0 17600.000000000000 0.285000000000 0.881000000000 0.229000000000 0.303000000000 -24.000000000000 m3 world eqv. Global warming potential except emissions and uptake of biogenic carbon (GWP-IOBC/GHG) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial beregnet etter prinsippet om umiddelbar oksidasjon (GWP-IOBC) 0 undefined 0 289.000000000000 8.720000000000 12.300000000000 6.990000000000 4.280000000000 -16.000000000000 kg CO2 eqv.