5fc9cae4-03cc-40ad-8042-532694354756 GeoStrap ® Reinforcement Allocation is required if some material, energy, and waste data cannot be measured separately for the product under investigation. In this study, as per following order; Allocation is based on annual production rate and made with high accuracy and precision. The values for 1 kg of the produced product which is used within this study are calculated by considering the total product weight per annual production. According to the ratio of the annual production of the declared product to the total annual production at the factory, the annual total energy consumption, packaging materials and the generated wastes per the declared product are allocated. Note that the product output (meaning that the product is installed, all the losses/waste along the way being deduced) is fixed to 1 kg and the corresponding amount of product is used in the calculations. In the production covered by this EPD, several grades of products are included; since the production processes of these products are similar, allocations is taken as directly proportional to the linear weight of the product according to the table in annex 3. This LCA study is conducted in accordance with all methodological considerations, such as performance, system boundaries, data quality, allocation procedures, and decision rules to evaluate inputs and outputs. All estimations and assumptions are given below. - Module A1: For raw materials, when several suppliers are involved, a barycentric approach is performed on transportation distances and modes (i.e. the averages take into account weights according to the percentage of supply between the different suppliers). - Module A2: Additional transport is considered for the wood pallet used with a conservative default value of 300km by truck. - Module A3: All ancillary and packaging materials volumes per 1kg of produced product are coming from average consumption on a representative annual production. Transportation scenario are conservative values. Electricity consumption for 1kg of produced product is obtained by dividing the reported annual electricity consumption by the annual weight of product produced. Note that the electricity datapoint is taken to fit with the actual location of the plant. Same principle is applied for wastewater and percentage of waste for raw materials (averages done over a representative year of production). - Module A4: Transportation doesn’t cause losses as products are packaged properly. Also, volume capacity utilisation factor is assumed to be 1 for the nested packaged products. Additionally, an average transportation scenario is based on a barycentric approach (i.e. averages distances observed along a representative year). - Module A5: A productivity ratio has been used to allocate the excavation/compaction works (diesel machine operation in hours and translated in liters) needed to install the whole system (panels, reinforcements and backfill). It is based on an average reinforcements density and onsite building productivity ratio for a typical reinforced soil structure. Note that this system involves concrete panels (most common application). Other devices and elements for the system to be able to work are included in this section (backfill + panel). Additionally, 5% of waste on GeoStrap ® is considered during the implementation onsite. Since the treatment of the wood pallet depends on the worksites, it is considered untreated for conservatism with associated direct biogenic carbon emissions. - Module C1: A demolition ratio is used to allocate the required operation of diesel machines (expressed in hours and translated in liters of diesel) for dismantling the reinforced soil structure system (panels, reinforcements and backfill). As for the installation phase, this ratio has been calculated taking into account an average reinforcements density and onsite demolition productivity ratio for a typical reinforced soil structure. - Module C2: Transportation distance to the closest disposal area is estimated as 50 km and the transportation method is assumed as lorry which is the most common. - Module C3, C4, D: The end-of-life product is assumed to be 100% treated through waste disposal in a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) without any recovery or recycling as per a conservative scenario. Hence, there is no benefit from the reusing, recycling or recovery. Note for all transportation by truck: Vehicle capacity utilization volume factor is assumed to be 1 which means full load. In reality it may vary but as the role of transportation emission in total results is small and so the variety in load assumed to be negligible. Empty returns are not taken into account as it is assumed that return trip is used by transportation companies to serve the needs of other clients. Allocation used in Ecoinvent 3.6 environmental data sources follows the methodology ‘allocation, cut-off by classification’. This methodology is in line with the requirements of the EN 15804 - standard. The study does not exclude any modules or processes which are stated mandatory in the EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and the applied PCR. The study does not exclude any hazardous materials or substances. The study includes all major raw material and energy consumption. All inputs and outputs of the unit processes, for which data is available for, are included in the calculation. There is no neglected unit process more than 1% of total mass or energy flows. The module specific total neglected input and output flows also do not exceed 5% of energy usage or mass. The study does not exclude any modules or processes which are stated mandatory in the EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and RTS PCR. Excluded modules are use stage modules (B1-B7), which are not mandatory according to the RTS PCR. The study does not exclude any hazardous materials or substances. The study includes all major raw material and energy consumption. All inputs and outputs of the unit processes which data are available for are included in the calculation. There is no neglected unit process more than 1% of total mass and energy flows. The total neglected input and output flows do also not exceed 5% of energy usage or mass. The life cycle analysis includes all industrial processes from raw material acquisition to production, distribution and end-of-life stages. The production of capital equipment, construction activities, and infrastructure, maintenance and operation of capital equipment, personnel-related activities, energy and water use related to company management and sales activities are excluded. 1 2021 2026 "2021-10-07" - "2026-09-30" 2021-10-07 FI Technical Characteristics of GeoStrap ® reinforcement are listed and detailed in the technical data sheet available through Geoquest support teams. GeoStrap ® strips exist in three different widths and are named accordingly: • 90 mm for GeoStrap ® 9 • 70 mm for GeoStrap ® 7 • 50 mm for GeoStrap ® 5 For each width, different grades are available. Without width consideration grades are going from 20 kN to 190 kN (this range is not to be considered as fixed). Refer to the annex 3. GeoStrap ® reinforcements consist in a strip composed of discrete channels filled with closely packed high tenacity Polyethylene terephthalate yarns (PET). PET yarns are encased in a linear low density polyethylene sheath (LLDPE) and manufactured through a co-extrusion process. GeoStrap ® are CE certified for reinforcement applications and approved by the BBA (British Board of Agreement) and NTPEP (National Transportation Product Evaluation Program - USA). Raw material choices have been carried out based on the recommendation for Geotextiles given in the international technical report ISO/TS 13434 and ISO/TR 20432 as well as a large series of study performed by Geoquest over the past decades. All the raw materials used for GeoStrap ® strip manufacturing are qualified and approved by Geoquest technical department. GeoStrap ® reinforcements are suitable for a large range of soil reinforcement applications, usually with concrete, steel or other material facing panels, such as Reinforced Earth ® MSE (Mechanically Stabilized Earth) structures, steep slopes, reinforced embankments and more globally all kind of soil/structure interface systems involving such reinforcements for structures for an extended array of market segments: roads and motorways, environment, railways, Environmental Product Declaration created with One Click LCA hydraulic works, mining, industry, energy, commercial, housing or military. Wide ranges of physical, chemical and biological conditions found in reinforced soil structures can be addressed by the GeoStrap ® reinforcements. Contact us for more details. GeoStrap ® reinforcements consist in a strip composed of discrete channels filled with closely packed high tenacity Polyethylene terephthalate yarns (PET). PET yarns are encased in a linear low density polyethylene sheath (LLDPE) and manufactured through a co-extrusion process. Some additives are also used but only represent less than 1% in mass when all added with an impact on the indactors even lower. EPD RTS PCR 2020 representative dataset ecoinvent database (all versions) This EPD covers the cradle to gate with options scope with following modules; A1 (Raw material supply), A2 (Transport) and A3 (Manufacturing), A4 (Transport), A5 (Installation into the structure) as well as C1 (Deconstruction), C2 (Transport at end-of-life), C3 (Waste processing) and C4 (Disposal). In addition, module D - benefits and loads beyond the system boundary is included. RTS_155_21_GeoStrap%20-%20India%20EPD-GQ%20V03.pdf Anni Oviir, Rangi Maja OÜ EN 15804+A2 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant ISO 14025 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant ISO 21930 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant LCA.no AS 2025-10-23T16:21:13 ILCD format EPD Data Format Extensions v1.2 EPD Data Format Extensions v1.2 EPD-Datenformaterweiterungen v1.2 00.03.000 2025-10-03T06:59:44.9273643Z EPDFinlandRTS RTS_155_21 Geoquest India Private Limited true Free of charge for all users and uses None EPDFinlandRTS GeoStrap ® Reinforcement General reminder flow Output 1 1 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured Use of renewable primary energy (PERE) Fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (RPEE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 1.680000000000 0.053100000000 0.122000000000 0.000890000000 0.164000000000 0.004960000000 0.000000000000 MJ Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PERM) Fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (RPEE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.282000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Total use of renewable primary energy resource (PERT) Total bruk av fornybar primærenergi (TPE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 1.960000000000 0.053100000000 0.122000000000 0.000890000000 0.164000000000 0.004960000000 0.000000000000 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy (PENRE) Ikke fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (NRPE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 38.100000000000 5.200000000000 22.500000000000 0.070700000000 3.810000000000 0.269000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PENRM) Ikke fornybar primærenergi brukt som råmateriale (NRPM) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 39.200000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Total use of non renewable primary energy resource (PENRT) Total nicht erneuerbare Primärenergie (PENRT) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 77.300000000000 5.200000000000 22.500000000000 0.070700000000 3.810000000000 0.269000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Use of secondary material (SM) Bruk av sekundære materialer (SM) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.008870000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Use of renewable secondary fuels (RSF) Bruk av fornybart sekundære brensel (RSF) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Use of non renewable secondary fuels (NRSF) Bruk av ikke fornybart sekundære brensel (NRSF) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Use of net fresh water (FW) Netto bruk av ferskvann (W) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.013400000000 0.000806000000 0.001990000000 0.000014700000 0.000922000000 0.000550000000 0.000000000000 m3 Hazardous waste disposed (HWD) Avhendet farlig avfall (HW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.140000000000 0.006680000000 0.024300000000 0.000068700000 0.000000000000 0.015600000000 0.000000000000 kg Non hazardous waste dispose (NHWD) Avhendet ikke-farlig avfall (NHW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 3.650000000000 0.310000000000 0.259000000000 0.007600000000 0.000000000000 0.984000000000 0.000000000000 kg Radioactive waste disposed (RWD) Avhendet radioaktivt avfall (RW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000067700000 0.000034900000 0.000158000000 0.000000485000 0.000000000000 0.000000493000 0.000000000000 kg Components for re-use (CRU) Komponenter for gjenbruk (CR) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Materials for recycling (MFR) Materialer for resirkulering (MR) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Materials for energy recovery (MER) Materialer for energigjenvinning (MER) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Exported electrical energy (EEE) Eksportert elektrisk energi(EEE) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Exported thermal energy (EET) Eksportert termisk energi (ETE) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured MJ Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance (AP) Forsurningspotensial for kilder på land og vann (AP) 0 undefined 0 0.014800000000 0.004000000000 0.007310000000 0.000019100000 0.001180000000 0.000400000000 0.000000000000 mol H+ eqv. Global Warming Potential - total (GWP-total) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial -totalt (GWPtotal) 0 undefined 0 3.300000000000 0.362000000000 1.650000000000 0.004550000000 0.298000000000 2.390000000000 0.000000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - biogenic (GWP-biogenic) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial - biogene kilder( GWP-biogenic) 0 undefined 0 -0.026800000000 0.000073700000 0.000455000000 0.000003300000 0.053800000000 0.000041200000 0.000000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - fossil fuels (GWP-fossil) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial - fossile brensler (GWP-fossil) 0 undefined 0 3.320000000000 0.365000000000 1.650000000000 0.004540000000 0.244000000000 2.390000000000 0.000000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - land use and land use change (GWP-luluc) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial arealbruk endringer i bruk av arealer (GWP-luluc) 0 undefined 0 0.001560000000 0.000168000000 0.000138000000 0.000001370000 0.000254000000 0.000005050000 0.000000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems (ETP-fw) Økotoksisitet, ferskvann (ETP-fw) 0 undefined 0 48.100000000000 4.160000000000 13.200000000000 0.054000000000 5.260000000000 0.648000000000 0.000000000000 CTUe Potential incidence of disease due to PM emissions (PM) Partikkelutslipp (PM) 0 undefined 0 0.000000126000 0.000000019900 0.000000129000 0.000000000411 0.000000022700 0.000000002020 0.000000000000 disease incidence Eutrophication potential - marine (EP-marine) Overgjødslingspotensial til hav (EP-marine), hav og jord 0 undefined 0 0.002700000000 0.000944000000 0.002680000000 0.000005750000 0.000378000000 0.000202000000 0.000000000000 kg N eqv. Eutrophication potential - freshwater (EP-freshwater) Overgjødslingspotensial til ferskvann (EP-freshwater) 0 undefined 0 0.000086300000 0.000003080000 0.000006620000 0.000000037000 0.000006530000 0.000000268000 0.000000000000 kg P eqv. Eutrophication potential - terrestrial (EP-terrestrial) Overgjødslingspotensial til jord (EP-terrestrial) 0 undefined 0 0.029600000000 0.010500000000 0.029500000000 0.000063500000 0.003520000000 0.002080000000 0.000000000000 mol N eqv. Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - cancer effects (HTP-c) Toksisitet påvirkning på mennesker, kreft (HTP-c) 0 undefined 0 0.000000001410 0.000000000144 0.000000001130 0.000000000001 0.000000000426 0.000000000091 0.000000000000 CTUh Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - non-cancer effects (HTP-nc) Toksisitet påvirkning på mennesker, andre effekter enn kreft (HTP-nc) 0 undefined 0 0.000000032000 0.000000004030 0.000000012000 0.000000000064 0.000000005500 0.000000005370 0.000000000000 CTUh Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235 (IRP) Ioniserende stråling, helseeffekt (IRP) 0 undefined 0 0.065700000000 0.021800000000 0.096600000000 0.000309000000 0.009690000000 0.000368000000 0.000000000000 kBq U235 eqv. Potential Soil quality index (SQP) Påvirkninger knyttet til arealbruksendringer / jordkvalitet (SQP) 0 undefined 0 4.640000000000 3.330000000000 0.578000000000 0.107000000000 2.470000000000 0.064200000000 0.000000000000 unitless Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer (ODP) Potensial for nedbryting av stratosfærisk ozon (ODP) 0 undefined 0 0.000000159000 0.000000077700 0.000000354000 0.000000001070 0.000000028600 0.000000002540 0.000000000000 kg CFC 11 eqv. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) Potensial for fotokjemisk oksidantdanning (POCP) 0 undefined 0 0.010700000000 0.002920000000 0.008460000000 0.000020400000 0.001150000000 0.000501000000 0.000000000000 kg NMVOC eqv. Abiotic depletion potential - fossil resources (ADPF) Abiotisk utarmingspotensial for fossile ressurser, fosile brensler (ADP-fossil) 0 undefined 0 77.300000000000 5.200000000000 22.500000000000 0.070700000000 3.810000000000 0.269000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Abiotic depletion potential - non-fossil resources (ADPE) Abiotisk utarmingspotensial for ikke-fossile ressurser, mineraler (ADP-elements) 0 undefined 0 0.000049700000 0.000007880000 0.000002500000 0.000000077500 0.000004720000 0.000000386000 0.000000000000 kg Sb-eqv. Water (user) deprivation potential (WDP) Utarmingspotensial for vannressurser (WDP) 0 undefined 0 1.750000000000 0.018000000000 0.042000000000 0.000263000000 0.078500000000 0.000096700000 0.000000000000 m3 world eqv. Global warming potential except emissions and uptake of biogenic carbon (GWP-IOBC/GHG) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial beregnet etter prinsippet om umiddelbar oksidasjon (GWP-IOBC) 0 undefined 0 kg CO2 eqv.