Close Go back Collapse all sections
Process Data set: Asphalt mixtures - ASPHALT TOP LAYER MIXTURE (en) en

Key Data Set Information
Location LT
Geographical representativeness description LT
Reference year 2025
Name
Asphalt mixtures - ASPHALT TOP LAYER MIXTURE
Use advice for data set This EPD covers the cradle to gate with options scope with following modules: A1 (Raw material supply), A2 (Transport), and A3 (Manufacturing), optional modules A4 (transportation), C1 (Deconstruction), C2 (Transport at end-of-life), C3 (Waste processing) and C4 (Disposal). In addition, module D - benefits and loads beyond the system boundary is included.
Technical purpose of product or process Asphalt mixture is a bituminous mixture composed of a bituminous binder and micro-fillers, fine and coarse mineral materials (such as sand and gravel), supplemented with used asphalt granules and technological additives. The manufacturer produces five asphalt mixture groups that are described below. • GROUP 1 - Asphalt base layer mixture - AC P • GROUP 2 - Asphalt base mix - AC A • GROUP 3 - Base-cover asphalt mixture - AC PD • GROUP 4 - Asphalt top layer mixture - AC V (Asphalt concrete, Crushed and mastic asphalt (SMA), Mastic asphalt (MA) • GROUP 5 – soft asphalt SA Asphalt mixtures are used for surfacing roads, streets, and other traffic areas. Cold asphalt is used for asphalt surface repair. • Asphalt Concrete (AC): EN 13108-1:2006, EN 13108-1:2006/AC:2008 • Mastic Asphalt (MA): EN 13108-6:2006, EN 13108-6:2006/AC:2008 • Porous Asphalt (PA): EN 13108-7:2006, EN 13108-7:2006/AC:2008 • Soft Asphalt (SA): EN 13108-3:2006, EN 13108-3:2006/AC:2008 • Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA): EN 13108-5:2006, EN 13108-5:2006/AC:2008 • Cold Asphalt (0/8): IST 147710353-2:2019/K:2021 The company is certified according to LST EN ISO 9001:2015 (Quality Management) and LST EN ISO 14001:2015 (Environmental Management)
General comment on data set Allocation is required if some material, energy, and waste data cannot be measured separately for the product under investigation. In this study, as per EN 15804, allocation is conducted in the following order; 1. Allocation should be avoided. 2. Allocation should be based on physical properties (e.g. mass, volume) when the difference in revenue is small. 3. Allocation should be based on economic values. The allocations in the Ecoinvent 3.10 datasets used in this study follow the Ecoinvent system model ‘Allocation, cut-off, EN15804’. Scenarios included in the LCA are based on realistic scenarios which are currently in use and are representative for one of the most likely scenario alternatives. Asphalt mixtures are categorized into five groups. The grouped products are with identical or similar functions, manufactured by a single company at several manufacturing sites, with the same major steps in the A3/core processes. For each group, best- and worst-case scenarios were evaluated, to see if A1-A3 GWP value differs more than 10 %. Group 1 and Group 4 EPDs are based on worst-case scenario product, since A1-A3 GWP value differs more than 10%. For each indicator and module A-C, the highest result of the included products is declared, and for module D, the lowest benefit of avoided processes and the highest load of included processes is declared. Given that GWP value of modules A1-A3 differs less than 10 % for Groups 2 and 5, the calculations are based on the average result. Group 3 is an EPD of a single product from a manufacturer/service provide The study does not exclude any modules or processes which are stated mandatory in the Standards and PCR. The study does not exclude any hazardous materials or substances. The study includes all major raw material and energy consumption. The cut-off criteria were applied in the study due to the minimal contribution of the technological additive input, which accounted for only 0.005-0.3% of the total mass of the declared unit. Furthermore, datapoints for these technological additives were scarce and challenging to locate, making it difficult to gather comprehensive and accurate data for their inclusion in the analysis. The total excluded input and output flows do not exceed 5% of energy usage or mass.
Copyright Yes
Owner of data set
Quantitative reference
Reference flow(s)
Biogenic carbon content
  • Carbon content (biogenic): 1.0 kg
  • Carbon content (biogenic) - packaging: 1.0 kg
Time representativeness
Data set valid until 2030
Time representativeness description "2025-01-31" - "2030-01-31"
Technological representativeness
Technology description including background system Asphalt mixtures are composed of: • Crushed granite and/or dolomite • Recycled asphalt • Sand • Mineral filler • Bitumen • Technological additive

Indicators of life cycle

IndicatorDirectionUnit Transport
A4
 De-construction
C1
 Transport
C2
 Waste processing
C3
 Disposal
C4
 Recycling Potential
D
Use of renewable primary energy (PERE)
Input
  • 1.44
  • 0.26
  • 0.924
  • 1.16
  • 0.628
  • -11
Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PERM)
Input
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Total use of renewable primary energy resource (PERT)
Input
  • 1.44
  • 0.26
  • 0.924
  • 1.16
  • 0.628
  • -11
Use of non renewable primary energy (PENRE)
Input
  • 109
  • 42.5
  • 70.4
  • 5.1
  • -167
  • -113
Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PENRM)
Input
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 2.14E+3
  • 238
  • 0
Total use of non renewable primary energy resource (PENRT)
Input
  • 109
  • 42.5
  • 70.4
  • 2.15E+3
  • 71
  • -113
Use of secondary material (SM)
Input
  • 0.0466
  • 0.0176
  • 0.0299
  • 0.00314
  • 0.0168
  • 9E+2
Use of renewable secondary fuels (RSF)
Input
  • 0.000591
  • 0.0000461
  • 0.00038
  • 0.00000341
  • 0.000266
  • -0.000835
Use of non renewable secondary fuels (NRSF)
Input
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Use of net fresh water (FW)
Input
  • 0.0158
  • 0.00276
  • 0.0102
  • 0.00416
  • -0.368
  • -0.324
Hazardous waste disposed (HWD)
Output
  • 0.186
  • 0.0474
  • 0.12
  • 0.0138
  • 0.0825
  • -0.858
Non hazardous waste dispose (NHWD)
Output
  • 3.46
  • 0.648
  • 2.22
  • 0.941
  • 5E+2
  • -16
Radioactive waste disposed (RWD)
Output
  • 0.0000237
  • 0.00000466
  • 0.0000152
  • 0.0000355
  • 0.00001
  • -0.000219
Components for re-use (CRU)
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Materials for recycling (MFR)
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 9E+2
  • 0
  • 0
Materials for energy recovery (MER)
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Exported electrical energy (EEE)
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Exported thermal energy (EET)
Output
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.

IndicatorUnit Transport
A4
 De-construction
C1
 Transport
C2
 Waste processing
C3
 Disposal
C4
 Recycling Potential
D
Abiotic depletion potential - fossil resources (ADPF)
  • 109
  • 42.5
  • 70.4
  • 5.1
  • 42.1
  • -113
Abiotic depletion potential - non-fossil resources (ADPE)
  • 0.000021
  • 0.00000116
  • 0.0000135
  • 5.37E-7
  • 0.00000644
  • -0.0000487
Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance (AP)
  • 0.0257
  • 0.0293
  • 0.0166
  • 0.00112
  • 0.0138
  • -0.0562
Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer (ODP)
  • 1.11E-7
  • 4.97E-8
  • 7.15E-8
  • 3.72E-9
  • 4.88E-8
  • -7.39E-8
Eutrophication potential - freshwater (EP-freshwater)
  • 0.0000689
  • 0.0000114
  • 0.0000443
  • 0.0000204
  • 0.0000259
  • -0.000332
Eutrophication potential - marine (EP-marine)
  • 0.00834
  • 0.0136
  • 0.00536
  • 0.000153
  • 0.00545
  • -0.0127
Eutrophication potential - terrestrial (EP-terrestrial)
  • 0.092
  • 0.149
  • 0.0591
  • 0.00174
  • 0.055
  • -0.16
Global Warming Potential - biogenic (GWP-biogenic)
  • 0
  • 0.000258
  • 0.000774
  • 0.000473
  • 0.00639
  • 0
Global Warming Potential - fossil fuels (GWP-fossil)
  • 7.55
  • 3.25
  • 4.85
  • 0.222
  • 2.92
  • -9.24
Global Warming Potential - land use and land use change (GWP-luluc)
  • 0.00302
  • 0.000282
  • 0.00194
  • 0.000654
  • 0.00498
  • -0.00859
Global Warming Potential - total (GWP-total)
  • 7.55
  • 3.25
  • 4.85
  • 0.223
  • 2.93
  • -9.24
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP)
  • 0.0379
  • 0.0444
  • 0.0244
  • 0.000587
  • 0.0191
  • -0.0443
Water (user) deprivation potential (WDP)
  • 0.526
  • 0.104
  • 0.338
  • 0.13
  • 0.237
  • -13.6

IndicatorUnit Transport
A4
 De-construction
C1
 Transport
C2
 Waste processing
C3
 Disposal
C4
 Recycling Potential
D
1This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator.
2The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties on these results are high or as there is limited experiences with the indicator.
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems (ETP-fw) 2
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - cancer effects (HTP-c) 2
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - non-cancer effects (HTP-nc) 2
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235 (IRP) 1
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
Potential Soil quality index (SQP) 2
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
Potential incidence of disease due to PM emissions (PM) 2
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.