b9e1d1a6-c13e-4af4-9c37-bfce00a7a46b Glulam timber from Pölkky Oy Allocation rules are used according to the ISO14044:2006. Allocation was avoided when possible and when necessary, allocation is made based on physical shares and avoiding double calculations. Allocation was needed to evaluate the share of energy used to produce sawn timber, planed timber and glulam timber at Kuusamo’s site. Sawn timber and glulam production generates by-products, such as sawn dust, chips, bark and shavings. In the model it was estimated that from 1 m3 of logs, approximately half converts to sawn timber and remaining to by-products. From the produced sawn timber, a small production loss is estimated in the glulam line due to planing and cutting the sawn timber in the process. The environmental impacts have been allocated in the model to the products based on how they physically relate to them. For example, fresh chips, bark, and fresh sawdust produced in the sawing process are not assigned heat production burdens, as they leave the process before drying process. The burden from electricity consumption again is also allocated to the by-products because they are produced on the same sawing line as the timber, which consumes the most electricity at the site. Physical allocation was used because co-products have low economic value compared to the main products, contributing less than 25 % of the total revenue. The production of production equipment and means of transport, as well asthe machinery, equipment and production goods needed for production and in production are excluded from the scope of the assessment, as are the commuting of workers. The screws required for the installation are excluded from the model, as their quantity is small. Also, the plastic waste handling, which comes from unwrapping the timber packages at the construction site, is excluded from the modelling as the amount of plastic waste from 1 m3 timber package is small. The screws and the plastic represent less than 1% from the weight of the product. No other material or energy flows have been excluded from the system boundaries. 1 2025 2030 "2025-06-16" - "2030-06-16" 2025-06-16 FI The declaration is made for average glulam timber manufactured at Pölkky Oy Kuusamo’s production site. Glulam timber is made of responsibly sourced pine (Pinus sylvestris) and spruce (Picea abies). Log procurement and the manufacturing processes at Pölkky Oy are FSC® and PEFC certified.1 Glulam timber is manufactured by gluing wood lamellas together with adhesive. Dimensions and lengths of the products can vary a lot. Glue laminated timber is used in construction for beams, columns, and arches, offering strength, durability, and design flexibility in structural applications. Moisture content for glulam timber products varies between 8–15 % depending on the product. Technical properties of Pölkky Oy’s glulam timber presented in the part 2.3. The process including the whole life cycle of the glulam timber is shown in the figure 1. Softwood logs are cut down in the forest, transported to the roadside with a forest tractor, and then taken to the sawmill by log trucks. Pölkky Oy’s sawmills are equipped with log sorters to receive and sort the logs, saw linesto processthem according to orders, kilns, and a heat plant that utilizesthe by-productsfrom the mill. Electricity is sourced from the grid. Fuel for the machinery represents a significant portion of the fossil energy consumption at the sites. The glulam timber is made from the sawn timber produced at Pölkky Oy’s production sites. In the glulam production line, the timber is planed and glued together. Glulam line has also a separate line for packaging the finished products. Sawn timber used in the process is produced at Pölkky Oy’s own production facilities and it is modelled by Pölkky Oy’s EPD’s for sawn timber. Moisture content for glulam timber varies between 8–15 % The average density of glulam timber in the model is 470 kg/m³. EPD RTS PCR 2020 representative dataset ecoinvent database (all versions) This EPD covers life cycle stages for glulam timber from cradle to gate with options, modules C1-C4, and module D. The product phase, transportation to the building site and installation A1-A5 are included as well as the deconstruction, transportation to waste processing and the waste processing C1- C4. Also, the module D, information beyond construction works life cycle, is in the scope. RTS_412_25_P%C3%B6lkky-Glulam-Timber.pdf Valtteri Kainila, Ramboll Finland Oy EN 15804+A2 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant ISO 14025 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant ISO 21930 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant LCA.no AS 2025-12-08T12:48:24 ILCD format EPD Data Format Extensions v1.2 EPD Data Format Extensions v1.2 EPD-Datenformaterweiterungen v1.2 00.03.000 2025-11-05T13:42:16.7323953Z EPDFinlandRTS RTS_412_25 Pölkky Oy true Free of charge for all users and uses None EPDFinlandRTS Glulam timber from Pölkky Oy General reminder flow Output 1 1 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured Use of renewable primary energy (PERE) Fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (RPEE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 7140.000000000000 10.300000000000 0.936000000000 0.936000000000 6.490000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 5290.000000000000 MJ Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PERM) Fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (RPEE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 5880.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 -5880.000000000000 0.000000000000 588.000000000000 MJ Total use of renewable primary energy resource (PERT) Total bruk av fornybar primærenergi (TPE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 13000.000000000000 10.300000000000 0.936000000000 0.936000000000 6.490000000000 -5880.000000000000 0.000000000000 5880.000000000000 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy (PENRE) Ikke fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (NRPE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 32600.000000000000 235.000000000000 264.000000000000 264.000000000000 34.600000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PENRM) Ikke fornybar primærenergi brukt som råmateriale (NRPM) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 64.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Total use of non renewable primary energy resource (PENRT) Total nicht erneuerbare Primärenergie (PENRT) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 32700.000000000000 235.000000000000 264.000000000000 264.000000000000 34.600000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Use of secondary material (SM) Bruk av sekundære materialer (SM) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Use of renewable secondary fuels (RSF) Bruk av fornybart sekundære brensel (RSF) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Use of non renewable secondary fuels (NRSF) Bruk av ikke fornybart sekundære brensel (NRSF) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Use of net fresh water (FW) Netto bruk av ferskvann (W) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.042200000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 m3 Hazardous waste disposed (HWD) Avhendet farlig avfall (HW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.318000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Non hazardous waste dispose (NHWD) Avhendet ikke-farlig avfall (NHW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 6.130000000000 0.000000000000 0.607000000000 0.480000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Radioactive waste disposed (RWD) Avhendet radioaktivt avfall (RW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Components for re-use (CRU) Komponenter for gjenbruk (CR) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 47.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Materials for recycling (MFR) Materialer for resirkulering (MR) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 5.500000000000 0.000000000000 0.607000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Materials for energy recovery (MER) Materialer for energigjenvinning (MER) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Exported electrical energy (EEE) Eksportert elektrisk energi(EEE) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 9.520000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 5290.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Exported thermal energy (EET) Eksportert termisk energi (ETE) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance (AP) Forsurningspotensial for kilder på land og vann (AP) 0 undefined 0 0.359000000000 0.226000000000 0.252000000000 0.252000000000 0.017400000000 0.070900000000 0.000756000000 -0.993000000000 mol H+ eqv. Global Warming Potential - total (GWP-total) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial -totalt (GWPtotal) 0 undefined 0 -500.000000000000 14.800000000000 24.400000000000 24.400000000000 5.480000000000 639.000000000000 0.094400000000 -214.000000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - biogenic (GWP-biogenic) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial - biogene kilder( GWP-biogenic) 0 undefined 0 -617.000000000000 0.021600000000 0.039200000000 0.039200000000 0.013000000000 632.000000000000 0.043900000000 135.000000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - fossil fuels (GWP-fossil) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial - fossile brensler (GWP-fossil) 0 undefined 0 117.000000000000 14.800000000000 24.300000000000 24.400000000000 5.460000000000 6.630000000000 0.050400000000 -349.000000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - land use and land use change (GWP-luluc) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial arealbruk endringer i bruk av arealer (GWP-luluc) 0 undefined 0 0.154000000000 0.007710000000 0.003600000000 0.003600000000 0.002050000000 0.002170000000 0.000052200000 0.028000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems (ETP-fw) Økotoksisitet, ferskvann (ETP-fw) 0 undefined 0 1680.000000000000 157.000000000000 188.000000000000 188.000000000000 69.700000000000 103.000000000000 9.120000000000 845.000000000000 CTUe Potential incidence of disease due to PM emissions (PM) Partikkelutslipp (PM) 0 undefined 0 0.000003570000 0.000000945000 0.000006670000 0.000006670000 0.000000478000 0.000000725000 0.000000007910 0.000000379000 disease incidence Eutrophication potential - marine (EP-marine) Overgjødslingspotensial til hav (EP-marine), hav og jord 0 undefined 0 0.097200000000 0.055000000000 0.112000000000 0.112000000000 0.003900000000 0.037200000000 0.000139000000 -0.111000000000 kg N eqv. Eutrophication potential - freshwater (EP-freshwater) Overgjødslingspotensial til ferskvann (EP-freshwater) 0 undefined 0 0.032700000000 0.000762000000 0.000789000000 0.000789000000 0.000354000000 0.002920000000 0.000344000000 -0.032700000000 kg P eqv. Eutrophication potential - terrestrial (EP-terrestrial) Overgjødslingspotensial til jord (EP-terrestrial) 0 undefined 0 0.885000000000 0.610000000000 1.220000000000 1.220000000000 0.042600000000 0.357000000000 0.001510000000 -0.746000000000 mol N eqv. Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - cancer effects (HTP-c) Toksisitet påvirkning på mennesker, kreft (HTP-c) 0 undefined 0 0.000000177000 0.000000006530 0.000000007450 0.000000007460 0.000000001820 0.000000014200 0.000000000065 -0.000000022700 CTUh Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - non-cancer effects (HTP-nc) Toksisitet påvirkning på mennesker, andre effekter enn kreft (HTP-nc) 0 undefined 0 0.000002150000 0.000000140000 0.000000136000 0.000000136000 0.000000069400 0.000000571000 0.000000000821 -0.000000338000 CTUh Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235 (IRP) Ioniserende stråling, helseeffekt (IRP) 0 undefined 0 12.700000000000 1.070000000000 1.690000000000 1.690000000000 0.450000000000 0.123000000000 0.006260000000 -3.630000000000 kBq U235 eqv. Potential Soil quality index (SQP) Påvirkninger knyttet til arealbruksendringer / jordkvalitet (SQP) 0 undefined 0 46900.000000000000 88.300000000000 6.810000000000 6.820000000000 82.600000000000 8.610000000000 1.970000000000 -493.000000000000 unitless Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer (ODP) Potensial for nedbryting av stratosfærisk ozon (ODP) 0 undefined 0 0.000008770000 0.000003380000 0.000005180000 0.000005190000 0.000001360000 0.000000460000 0.000000014400 -0.000003750000 kg CFC 11 eqv. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) Potensial for fotokjemisk oksidantdanning (POCP) 0 undefined 0 0.280000000000 0.167000000000 0.336000000000 0.336000000000 0.016800000000 0.087900000000 0.000468000000 -0.749000000000 kg NMVOC eqv. Abiotic depletion potential - fossil resources (ADPF) Abiotisk utarmingspotensial for fossile ressurser, fosile brensler (ADP-fossil) 0 undefined 0 1500.000000000000 214.000000000000 325.000000000000 325.000000000000 86.500000000000 61.900000000000 1.120000000000 -4640.000000000000 MJ Abiotic depletion potential - non-fossil resources (ADPE) Abiotisk utarmingspotensial for ikke-fossile ressurser, mineraler (ADP-elements) 0 undefined 0 0.000022300000 0.000000107000 0.000000153000 0.000000153000 0.000000040500 0.000000187000 0.000000001010 -0.000002270000 kg Sb-eqv. Water (user) deprivation potential (WDP) Utarmingspotensial for vannressurser (WDP) 0 undefined 0 6.610000000000 0.046800000000 0.050400000000 0.050400000000 0.022900000000 -0.177000000000 0.002340000000 -8.660000000000 m3 world eqv. Global warming potential except emissions and uptake of biogenic carbon (GWP-IOBC/GHG) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial beregnet etter prinsippet om umiddelbar oksidasjon (GWP-IOBC) 0 undefined 0 kg CO2 eqv.