d8eb82b6-7d5a-4efb-9971-e5a1e9f1baa4 Concrete slab components made from steel All input and output flows of inventory data, type of materials used, energy consumption, transportation and wastes are primary data taken from the Manufacturer. The specific data quality coverages and limitations are also; • Geographical coverage: European and global environmental data are used for the flows when there is no specific data for the current situation in Finland. • Time period coverage: Inventory data from year 2023 with 12 consecutive months was collected from manufacturing facility. Generic data from Ecoinvent v3.10.1 is not older than 5 years. Although year 2023 is not the latest full calendar year when conducting the current EPDs, the date of the data is not expected to have a major impact on the reliability of the study results, as the manufacturer has not reported any changes that would significantly affect the product phase calculations or results. • Technology coverage: The objective of the study is to use the data that apply to average technology which represents the actual situation. Even if the data in Ecoinvent v3.10.1 which represents the current situation best are used, these data are expected to show limited global variability. The data quality assessment has been conducted on the cradle-to-gate (A1-A3) impacts which are the mandatory stages and represent measured data. The effect of distribution (A4), installation (A5) and end-of-life (C1- C4) have been assessed as these stages are scenario-based and provide additional information. Inventory data of product stage (A1-A3) and the scenarios (A4-A5 and C1-C4) was collected via questionnaire and personal contact with representative of the Manufacturer. Allocation is required if some material, energy, and waste data cannot be measured separately for the product under investigation. In this study, as per EN 15804, allocation is conducted in the following order; 1. Allocation should be avoided. 2. Allocation should be based on physical properties (e.g. mass, volume) when the difference in revenue is small. 3. Allocation should be based on economic values. The allocations in the ecoinvent 3.10.1 datasets used in this study follow the Ecoinvent system model ‘Allocation, cut-off, EN15804’. Raw material use was known by product level, so allocation was not needed. Avoiding allocation could not be avoided for following inputs as the information was only measured on factory process level: • Energy consumption • Manufacturing waste • Packaging materials • Welding gases • The inputs were allocated to studied products based on production volume (mass in kilograms). The study does not exclude any modules or processes which are stated mandatory in the EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and the applied PCR. The study does not exclude any hazardous materials or substances. The study includes all major raw material and energy consumption. All inputs and outputs of the unit processes, for which data is available for, are included in the calculation. There is no neglected unit process more than 1% of total mass or energy flows. The module specific total neglected input and output flows also do not exceed 5% of energy usage or mass. 1 2025 2030 "2025-08-18" - "2030-08-18" 2025-08-18 FI Steel components for concrete tiles, such as expansion joints and hollowcore slab hangers, maintain structural integrity. Expansion joints accommodate movement and ensure durability. Hollow-core slab hangers provide support for hollow-core slabs, enhancing stability and load distribution. These elements are essential for achieving reliable, longlasting tiled surfaces in construction projects. The products comply with the standard EN 1090-1:2009 + A1:2011. More information about the products covered by this EPD is available at https://semko.fi/fi/ EPD RTS PCR 2020 average dataset ecoinvent database (all versions) RTS_407_25_Semko%20Slab%20components_final.pdf Sigita Židoniene, Vesta Consulting JSC EN 15804+A2 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant ISO 14025 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant ISO 21930 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant LCA.no AS 2026-03-13T15:15:00 ILCD format EPD Data Format Extensions v1.2 EPD Data Format Extensions v1.2 EPD-Datenformaterweiterungen v1.2 00.03.000 2026-03-04T12:45:03.0278834Z EPDFinlandRTS RTS_407_25 Semko Oy true Free of charge for all users and uses None EPDFinlandRTS Concrete slab components made from steel General reminder flow Output 1 1 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured Use of renewable primary energy (PERE) Fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (RPEE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 11.200000000000 0.017100000000 0.000000000000 0.002350000000 0.029300000000 0.000073900000 -0.945000000000 MJ Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PERM) Fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (RPEE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.350000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Total use of renewable primary energy resource (PERT) Total bruk av fornybar primærenergi (TPE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 11.500000000000 0.017100000000 0.000000000000 0.002350000000 0.029300000000 0.000073900000 -0.945000000000 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy (PENRE) Ikke fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (NRPE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 55.700000000000 0.992000000000 0.000000000000 0.136000000000 0.155000000000 0.007660000000 -13.400000000000 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PENRM) Ikke fornybar primærenergi brukt som råmateriale (NRPM) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.015400000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Total use of non renewable primary energy resource (PENRT) Total nicht erneuerbare Primärenergie (PENRT) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 55.700000000000 0.992000000000 0.000000000000 0.136000000000 0.155000000000 0.007660000000 -13.400000000000 MJ Use of secondary material (SM) Bruk av sekundære materialer (SM) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.656000000000 0.000454000000 0.000000000000 0.000062200000 0.000296000000 0.000001930000 0.809000000000 kg Use of renewable secondary fuels (RSF) Bruk av fornybart sekundære brensel (RSF) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.008930000000 0.000005730000 0.000000000000 0.000000785000 0.000023000000 0.000000039900 -0.000121000000 MJ Use of non renewable secondary fuels (NRSF) Bruk av ikke fornybart sekundære brensel (NRSF) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.067000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Use of net fresh water (FW) Netto bruk av ferskvann (W) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.125000000000 0.000134000000 0.000000000000 0.000018300000 0.000078700000 0.000007970000 -0.003290000000 m3 Hazardous waste disposed (HWD) Avhendet farlig avfall (HW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 3.750000000000 0.001430000000 0.000000000000 0.000195000000 0.002190000000 0.000008460000 -0.485000000000 kg Non hazardous waste dispose (NHWD) Avhendet ikke-farlig avfall (NHW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 8.280000000000 0.030100000000 0.000000000000 0.004110000000 0.124000000000 0.000193000000 -3.770000000000 kg Radioactive waste disposed (RWD) Avhendet radioaktivt avfall (RW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000106000000 0.000000313000 0.000000000000 0.000000043000 0.000000569000 0.000000001170 0.000013400000 kg Components for re-use (CRU) Komponenter for gjenbruk (CR) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000183000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Materials for recycling (MFR) Materialer for resirkulering (MR) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.018600000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.950000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Materials for energy recovery (MER) Materialer for energigjenvinning (MER) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.011300000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Exported electrical energy (EEE) Eksportert elektrisk energi(EEE) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Exported thermal energy (EET) Eksportert termisk energi (ETE) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured MJ Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance (AP) Forsurningspotensial for kilder på land og vann (AP) 0 undefined 0 0.025500000000 0.000221000000 0.000000000000 0.000030200000 0.000091800000 0.000002210000 -0.005810000000 mol H+ eqv. Global Warming Potential - total (GWP-total) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial -totalt (GWPtotal) 0 undefined 0 4.800000000000 0.070600000000 0.000000000000 0.009670000000 0.020700000000 0.000312000000 -1.470000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - biogenic (GWP-biogenic) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial - biogene kilder( GWP-biogenic) 0 undefined 0 -0.042000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 -0.000321000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - fossil fuels (GWP-fossil) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial - fossile brensler (GWP-fossil) 0 undefined 0 4.840000000000 0.070600000000 0.000000000000 0.009670000000 0.020700000000 0.000312000000 -1.470000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - land use and land use change (GWP-luluc) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial arealbruk endringer i bruk av arealer (GWP-luluc) 0 undefined 0 0.004250000000 0.000025000000 0.000000000000 0.000003420000 0.000017100000 0.000000178000 -0.000205000000 kg CO2 eqv. Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems (ETP-fw) Økotoksisitet, ferskvann (ETP-fw) 0 undefined 0 CTUe Potential incidence of disease due to PM emissions (PM) Partikkelutslipp (PM) 0 undefined 0 disease incidence Eutrophication potential - marine (EP-marine) Overgjødslingspotensial til hav (EP-marine), hav og jord 0 undefined 0 0.004970000000 0.000074500000 0.000000000000 0.000010200000 0.000043300000 0.000000844000 -0.001290000000 kg N eqv. Eutrophication potential - freshwater (EP-freshwater) Overgjødslingspotensial til ferskvann (EP-freshwater) 0 undefined 0 0.001320000000 0.000004690000 0.000000000000 0.000000641000 0.000008120000 0.000000025700 -0.000629000000 kg P eqv. Eutrophication potential - terrestrial (EP-terrestrial) Overgjødslingspotensial til jord (EP-terrestrial) 0 undefined 0 0.053000000000 0.000810000000 0.000000000000 0.000111000000 0.000242000000 0.000009210000 -0.014200000000 mol N eqv. Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - cancer effects (HTP-c) Toksisitet påvirkning på mennesker, kreft (HTP-c) 0 undefined 0 CTUh Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - non-cancer effects (HTP-nc) Toksisitet påvirkning på mennesker, andre effekter enn kreft (HTP-nc) 0 undefined 0 CTUh Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235 (IRP) Ioniserende stråling, helseeffekt (IRP) 0 undefined 0 kBq U235 eqv. Potential Soil quality index (SQP) Påvirkninger knyttet til arealbruksendringer / jordkvalitet (SQP) 0 undefined 0 unitless Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer (ODP) Potensial for nedbryting av stratosfærisk ozon (ODP) 0 undefined 0 0.000000055800 0.000000001400 0.000000000000 0.000000000192 0.000000000139 0.000000000009 -0.000000004860 kg CFC 11 eqv. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) Potensial for fotokjemisk oksidantdanning (POCP) 0 undefined 0 0.017200000000 0.000346000000 0.000000000000 0.000047400000 0.000071800000 0.000003300000 -0.004810000000 kg NMVOC eqv. Abiotic depletion potential - fossil resources (ADPF) Abiotisk utarmingspotensial for fossile ressurser, fosile brensler (ADP-fossil) 0 undefined 0 55.300000000000 0.992000000000 0.000000000000 0.136000000000 0.155000000000 0.007660000000 -13.400000000000 MJ Abiotic depletion potential - non-fossil resources (ADPE) Abiotisk utarmingspotensial for ikke-fossile ressurser, mineraler (ADP-elements) 0 undefined 0 0.000095200000 0.000000230000 0.000000000000 0.000000031600 0.000000374000 0.000000000496 -0.000014200000 kg Sb-eqv. Water (user) deprivation potential (WDP) Utarmingspotensial for vannressurser (WDP) 0 undefined 0 6.110000000000 0.004870000000 0.000000000000 0.000667000000 0.004860000000 0.000022100000 -0.247000000000 m3 world eqv. Global warming potential except emissions and uptake of biogenic carbon (GWP-IOBC/GHG) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial beregnet etter prinsippet om umiddelbar oksidasjon (GWP-IOBC) 0 undefined 0 4.842000000000 0.070600000000 0.000000000000 0.009670000000 0.020700000000 0.000312000000 -1.469679000000 kg CO2 eqv.