RTS Finland
Data stock: PUBLIC [ Download ]

Process data set overview page

Data set: Kaakao Clay bricks and brick slips Product-EPD (00.04.000)

Full name
Kaakao Clay bricks and brick slips Product-EPD
Location
FI
Reference year
2025
Valid until
2030
Reference flow(s)
Type
EPD
Parameterized?
no
LCIA results included?
yes
Category
Synonyms
Use advice for data set
The studied system boundary was cradle to gate with options, modules C1–C4 and module D (A1–A3, A4, A5, C1-C4 and D). Studied system covers the following steps of life cycle according to EN 15804: A1 Raw material supply, A2 Transport, A3 Manufacturing, A4 Transportation to customer, A5 Installation, C1 Deconstruction, C2 Transportation of end-of-life, C3 Waste processing and C4 Disposal. In addition, the benefits and loads beyond the system boundary of stage D consist of product reuse, recovery and recycling. The study does not omit any life cycle stages, processes or data needs that are mandatory according to EN 15804 and RTS PCR. The end of waste (EoW) point of the production scraps is the point where it is processed to be ready to use in following life cycles. For example, for incinerated waste streams, it is the incineration of the materials, which results as energy that is then available for consumption in the following life cycle. For paper waste, it is ready to be used as secondary raw material after sorting. EoW point of the packaging materials collected for processing in A5 module is the point when materials are collected and handled in the sorting plant. EoW point of the studied product is the step when bricks are recycled and available to following life cycles as waste brick or collected for final disposal
Data set use approval
General comment
Allocation rules used are made according to ISO14044:2006. Allocation is avoided when possible and when necessary, allocation is made based on physical shares and also avoiding double calculations. Allocation is required if the production process produces more than one product and the flows of materials, energy and waste cannot be separately measured for the studied product. Allocation used in generic data sources follow the requirements of the EN 15804 -standard. It should be noticed that the allocation method ‘ llocation, cut-off, N 80 ’ has been used for EcoInvent 3.10.1 data, which complies with EN 15804. Avoiding allocation could not be avoided for following inputs as the information was only measured on factory process level. Electricity consumption, fuels for processing: only measured on factory level. Production waste flows: only measured on factory level. Production water consumption: only measured on factory level Packaging materials: only measured on factory level. According to EN 15804, flows leaving the system at the end-of-waste boundary of the product stage (A1-A3) are allocated as co-products. According to EN 15804, processes that has a very low contribution to the overall revenue may be neglected in co-product allocation. This study follows the cut-off criteria stated in RTS PCR and EN 15804 -standard. This study does not exclude any modules or processes which represent more than 1 % of the emissions of the studied life cycle stage. The study does not exclude any hazardous materials or substances. Excluded processes and the criteria for exclusion are given in the following table. Machines and facilities (capital goods) required for and during production are excluded, as is transportation of employees.
LCI Method Principle
LCI Method Approaches
No records found.
Completeness of product model
No statement
Reviews
  • Independent external review by
License and access conditions
Copyright
yes
License type
Free of charge for all users and uses
Access information
None
Owner of data set
Wienerberger Oy Ab
Technical purpose
The main raw materials for brick products are clay, sand and water. Finnish clay contains iron compounds, which is reflected in the brick as a red hue after firing. Kaolin clay and lime are used in the production of the lightest bricks. In addition, mineral-based additives and engobes can be used in the brick mass, which affect the color tone of the brick. The solid and perforated bricks as well as brick slips are produced by extruding method. Brick products are fired at over 1000 °C. The firing process can be fueled with either natural gas or biogas in the Koria brick factory. Bricks produced with biogas are available for purchase on request, but they are not within the scope of this EPD. Extruded bricks and brick slips are mainly used in façade solutions. Certain brick sizes can also be used in chimneys and fireplaces.
Input Products
No records found.
Co-Products
No records found.
Data set version
00.04.000
Time stamp (last saved)
2025-07-31T17:04:18
Data set format
Compliance systems
  • EN 15804+A2 (Overall compliance: Fully compliant)
  • ISO 14025 (Overall compliance: Fully compliant)
  • ISO 21930 (Overall compliance: Fully compliant)
Tag
Registered in
Process is not registered in any registry
Data Set deregistration
Are you sure you want to deregister selected dataset?
Please enter the reason of deregistration and confirm.