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Use advice for data set The scope of the EPD is cradle to gate with options (A1-A4), modules C1–C4 and module D.
The environmental impacts considered for the product stage cover the manufacturing of raw materials used in the
production as well as packaging materials and other ancillary materials.
Vehicle capacity utilization volume factor is assumed to be 1, which means full load. It may vary but as the role of
transportation emission in total results is small and so the variety in load is assumed to be negligible. Empty returns
are not taken into account as it is assumed that return trips are used by transportation companies to serve the needs
of other clients.
The heating of the production facility is covered by excess energy from production machinery. In rare cases if
additional heating is needed diesel generators are used to generate additional heating. The impact of burning diesel
is accounted for the same as diesel consumed by lifting equipment.
Fuels used by machines, and handling of waste formed in the production processes at the manufacturing facilities are
included in this stage. All fuel and energy use were allocated based on production volume. The electricity used in the
plant is grid energy in Estonian. The study also considers the material losses occurring during the manufacturing
processes as well as losses during electricity transmission.
Transportation impacts occurred from final products delivery to construction site (A4) cover fuel direct exhaust
emissions, environmental impacts of fuel production, as well as related infrastructure emissions.
The transportation distance is defined according to RTS PCR - from the place of manufacture to Helsinki, Finland.
According to the manufacturer, transportation doesn’t cause losses as products are packaged properly. The final
product is transported 176 km (101 km by lorry and 75 km ferry). Vehicle capacity utilization volume factor is
assumed to be 1.
Bulk density has been calculated based on the assumption that any package will contain about 44% of product and
that the rest of the package space will have the density of 181 kg/m3
. Results are rounded.
This EPD does not cover the use phase. Air, soil, and water impacts during the use phase have not been studied.
It is estimated that there is no mass loss during the use of the product, therefore the end-of-life product is assumed
to have the same weight as the declared product. All the end-of-life products are assumed to be sent to the closest
facilities such as recycling or landfill. Transportation distance to the closest disposal area is estimated as 100 km and
the transportation method is assumed as lorry which is the most common option.
It is assumed that 50% of products are disassembled and 50% of the waste is demolished along with the building.
Demolition is assumed to take 0.01 kWh/kg (Bozdag, Ö & Seçer, M (2007) and the Level(s) project). It is assumed that
100% of the waste is collected. Only flat glass is assumed to go recycling, the fit based paint is included in the glass
as it is fused and cannot be separated. The PVB film will be disposed of as demolished product.
The demolished product will be disposed of at a landfill, this includes 100% of the PVB film.
The disassembled product is assumed recycling. 40% of the recycled waste flat glass is used to produce glass wool
and 60% is used as aggregates for construction. The PVB film extracted is considered with the PVB film extracted
during demolition.
Materials destined for recycling have been considered in module D. Only net benefits are considered. The recycling
efficiency is assumed as 100% as there is no degradation of the raw material.
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Data set use approval |
