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General comment All input and output flows of inventory data, type of materials used,
energy consumption, transportation and wastes are primary data taken
from the Manufacturer. The specific data quality coverages and
limitations are also;
• Geographical coverage: European and global environmental data
are used for the flows when there is no specific data for the current
situation in Finland.
• Time period coverage: Inventory data from year 2023 with 12
consecutive months was collected from manufacturing facility.
Generic data from Ecoinvent v3.10.1 is not older than 5 years.
Although year 2023 is not the latest full calendar year when
conducting the current EPDs, the date of the data is not expected
to have a major impact on the reliability of the study results, as the
manufacturer has not reported any changes that would
significantly affect the product phase calculations or results.
• Technology coverage: The objective of the study is to use the data
that apply to average technology which represents the actual
situation. Even if the data in Ecoinvent v3.10.1 which represents
the current situation best are used, these data are expected to
show limited global variability.
The data quality assessment has been conducted on the cradle-to-gate
(A1-A3) impacts which are the mandatory stages and represent measured
data. The effect of distribution (A4), installation (A5) and end-of-life (C1
C4) have been assessed as these stages are scenario-based and provide
additional information. Inventory data of product stage (A1-A3) and the
scenarios (A4-A5 and C1-C4) was collected via questionnaire and personal
contact with representative of the Manufacturer.
Allocation is required if some material, energy, and waste data cannot be
measured separately for the product under investigation.
In this study, as per EN 15804, allocation is conducted in the following
order;
1. Allocation should be avoided.
2. Allocation should be based on physical properties (e.g. mass, volume)
when the difference in revenue is small.
3. Allocation should be based on economic values.
The allocations in the ecoinvent 3.10.1 datasets used in this study follow
the Ecoinvent system model ‘Allocation, cut-off, EN15804’. The inputs
were allocated to studied products based on production volume (mass in
kilograms).
Raw material use was known by product level, so allocation was not
needed. Avoiding allocation could not be avoided for following inputs as
the information was only measured on factory process level:
• Energy consumption
• Manufacturing waste
• Packaging materials
• Welding gases
The study does not exclude any modules or processes which are stated
mandatory in the EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 and the applied PCR. The study
does not exclude any hazardous materials or substances.
The study includes all major raw material and energy consumption. All
inputs and outputs of the unit processes, for which data is available for,
are included in the calculation.
There is no neglected unit process more than 1% of total mass or energy
flows. The module specific total neglected input and output flows also do
not exceed 5% of energy usage or mass.
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